BUSUNGU ACADEMY

  Root, stem and base Root Ø A root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Ø It is a pure lexeme which appears in the set of word-forms Ø Word-forms are different forms of the same word or root. For example, “play” is a root which has various forms like play, plays, plying and played. Hence, PLAY is a lexeme and each inflected form of a lexeme is a word form of that particular lexeme. Stem Ø A stem is a part of the word which exists before the addition of any inflectional affixes or morphemes. Ø Stem is divided into two types namely; i.        Simple stem ii. Complex stem Ø Simple stem is a bare root without any affixes. Thus, simple stem can be a root. Examples of simple stems Noun simple stem          plural           output Dog           ...

MORPHOLOGY AND WORD FORMATION Ø This is the branch of linguistics which deals with the study of internal structure of words. It deals with how words are formed (word formation. Morphemes, morphs and allomorphs Morphemes Ø A morpheme is the smallest meaningless unit of language which cannot be divided or disintegrated further. Types of morphemes Ø There are two major types of morphemes namely; i.                    Free morphemes ii.                 Bound morphemes Free morphemes Ø These are morphemes which can stand alone in a sentence. Ø Free morphemes are divided into two types namely; i.                    Lexical morphemes and ii.             ...